ANALISA PENGARUH POSISI 1G, 2G DAN 3G PENGELASAN SMAW BAJA KARBON MENENGAH MENGGUNAKAN ELEKTRODA E7018 TERHADAP KEKERASAN DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO

Rendy, Valera (2026) ANALISA PENGARUH POSISI 1G, 2G DAN 3G PENGELASAN SMAW BAJA KARBON MENENGAH MENGGUNAKAN ELEKTRODA E7018 TERHADAP KEKERASAN DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO. S-1 thesis, 021008 Universitas Tridinanti.

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Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of 1G, 2G, and 3G welding positions in the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process using E7018 electrodes on the hardness and microstructure of medium carbon steel. Variations in welding positions were applied to determine changes in material characteristics caused by differences in heat input during the welding process. The research method involved welding medium carbon steel using the SMAW process with E7018 electrodes at three welding positions, namely 1G, 2G, and 3G. Hardness testing was conducted on the weld metal, Heat Affected Zone (HAZ), first distance point from the HAZ, and second distance point from the HAZ. Microstructural observations were also performed to identify phase transformations and grain characteristics in the welded areas. The results showed that the heat input values for the 1G, 2G, and 3G welding positions were 100.82 kJ/mm, 107.02 kJ/mm, and 108.39 kJ/mm, respectively. The hardness values of the weld metal were 90.5 HRB, 90.8 HRB, and 91.3 HRB for the 1G, 2G, and 3G positions, respectively. In the HAZ, the hardness values were 92 HRB, 93 HRB, and 94.5 HRB, respectively. At the first distance point from the HAZ, the hardness values were 92.6 HRB for 1G, 92.6 HRB for 2G, and 94.4 HRB for 3G. Meanwhile, at the second distance point, the hardness values were 93.1 HRB, 93.2 HRB, and 93.8 HRB for the 1G, 2G, and 3G positions, respectively. These results indicate that the 3G welding position produced the highest HAZ hardness compared with the 1G and 2G positions. Microstructural observations showed that the base metal was predominantly composed of relatively uniform ferrite and pearlite structures. The weld metals at the 1G, 2G, and 3G positions were also dominated by ferrite and pearlite, with variations in grain size and density associated with differences in heat input. The HAZ exhibited pearlite and martensite structures, with more pronounced martensite formation observed in the 3G position. These microstructural changes were associated with the heating and cooling cycles during welding, as well as the characteristics of the vertical-up welding position, which affected travel speed and heat distribution. Therefore, variations in SMAW welding positions using E7018 electrodes affect the hardness and microstructural characteristics of medium carbon steel, with the 3G position producing the highest HAZ hardness of 94.5 HRB. Keywords: Medium Carbon Steel, SMAW, E7018 Electrode, Welding Position, Heat Input, Hardness, Microstructure.

Item Type:	Thesis (S-1)
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
Divisions:	Fakultas Teknik > S1 Teknik Mesin
Depositing User:	Tn RENDY VALERA
Date Deposited:	26 Oct 2026 01:42
Last Modified:	26 Oct 2026 01:42
URI:	http://repository.univ-tridinanti.ac.id/id/eprint/11547

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